Recycling Potential of Rare Earth Elements and Cobalt in WEEE-Batteries

Kurzfassung

Abstract

List of figures

List of tables

List of appendices

List of abbreviations

1. Introduction


2. 1. Preface


3. 2. Objectives


4. Background information


5. 1. Rare earth elements


6. 2. Cobalt


7. 3. WEEE-batteries


8. 4. Nickel cadmium batteries


9. 5. Nickel metal hydride batteries


10. 6. Lithium-ion batteries


11. Materials and methods


12. 1. System boundaries


13. 2. Calculation model


14. 3. Data acquisition


15. 4. Data estimation and uncertainties


16. 5. Theoretical recycling potential


17. 5.1. Material composites


18. 5.2. Battery systems


19. 5.3. Battery mass fraction


20. 5.4. WEEE generation


21. 6. Recycling path


22. 6.1. WEEE collection


23. 6.2. WEEE treatment


24. 6.3. Battery sorting


25. 6.4. Battery recycling


26. Results


27. 1. Theoretical recycling potential


28. 1.1. Theoretical recycling potential of rare earth elements


29. 1.2. Theoretical recycling potential of cobalt


30. 2. Recovered amounts


31. 2.1. Recovered amounts of rare earth elements


32. 2.2. Recovered amounts of cobalt


33. Discussion


34. 1. Qualifying the research results


35. 2. System analysis


36. 3. Recommendations


37. 4. Future developments of the Li-ion battery market


38. Conclusion and outlook